Between the Articular facets of the Tibia, but nearer the posterior than the anterior aspect of the bone, is the intercondyloid eminence (spine of tibia). The tibial spine is surmounted on either side by a prominent tubercles. In front of and behind the intercondyloid eminence are rough depressions for the attachments of the Anterior and Posterior Cruciate Ligaments and the Menisci.
It is one of the most common Knee injuries in children between the ages of 8-14 yrs. The fragment of Tibial spine may be non displaced, or displaced. Incomplete or complete fractures of the Tibial spine may be associated with partial ACL injury. Fractures of Posterior Intercondylar eminence are rare and usually occur in skeletally mature patients. They may be associated with disruption of PCL.
Tibial Spine Fractures are caused by forceful hyperextension of Knee or by a direct blow on distal end of femur with the Knee flexed. Excessive tension on ACL, which inserts into Anterior Tibial Spine, results in an Intra-Articular Fracture.
Non-displaced fracture with only the anterior edge of eminence being elevated
Partially displaced fracture with only anterior elevation of the eminence
Completely displaced fracture with the entire eminence lying above its bed, out of contact with the tibia
Anterior-posterior view and lateral views of the Knee are advised.
It is indicated in undisplaced or minimally displaced fractures.
Immobilization of the limb with Knee in 20 deg of flexion, as ACL is most relaxed in this position four 4 to 6 weeks.
It is indicated for displaced fractures.
Fixation of the Tibial Spine is done under the guidance of Knee Arthroscopy
This may result in a flexion deformity of the Knee